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Mesothelioma Mesothelioma is a type of cancer correlated with exposure to asbestos the mineral that occurs naturally. The disease typically develops over the course of decades after the exposure. Doctors treat mesothelioma using radiation, chemotherapy and surgery. Treatment can help patients live longer. There are three types. The stage and type of cells that make up the tumor can affect the prognosis. What is mesothelioma? Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that is found in the mesothelium a thin layer of tissue is the lining of internal organs. It is caused by exposure to asbestos which is a class of fibrous minerals. Asbestos exposure happens when people swallow or inhale stray asbestos fibers. These asbestos particles cling to the organ's lining and cause irritation, which leads to tumors. Mesothelioma is diagnosed when doctors examine these tumors and then take a sample of tissue, known as biopsy. Mesothelioma is classified according to type depending on the type of cells seen in the tumors. The three types are epithelial, biphasic and sarcomatoid mesothelioma. Epithelial Mesothelioma makes up about 50% of all diagnoses. Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma accounts for 10% of all cases and has a worse prognosis than the epithelial form. Biphasic mesothelioma consists of epithelial cells and sarcomatoid. It accounts for 30-40% of all diagnoses. Mesothelioma symptoms can include breathing problems and chest pain or discomfort in the abdomen. These symptoms are similar to those of other conditions, and it is imperative to see a doctor if you have them. Treatment for mesothelioma may help alleviate symptoms, slow tumor development and help patients to live longer. Treatment options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgery. Palliative care is available to patients and can help alleviate discomfort and pain. Doctors are still pursuing ways to treat mesothelioma, and how it expands. The latest treatments include immunotherapy, which uses your body's own immune system to fight cancer. This is an experimental treatment that has shown promise for certain mesothelioma patients. Patients are also able to take part in clinical trials, which are studies on new therapies. The majority of mesothelioma patients will be treated at specialist cancer centers where they can consult with doctors who are experienced in treating the disease. Diagnosis A mesothelioma diagnosis can be the first step to receiving treatment that can extend your life. Your doctors will begin by analyzing your health history and symptoms and determining the type of mesothelioma you're suffering from. This information is important because the three mesothelioma primary cell types respond differently to treatment. The doctor may suggest an X-ray of the chest or CT scan as the initial test. In this procedure, you lie on tables while the Xray or CT machine produces a precise image of your chest as well as the surrounding organs. Before the procedure, a small dose of dye, which is usually iodine, is given. The dye makes the tissue in your chest or abdomen lighter and easier to see. You might also be asked to take the test of breathing at this time. If these tests show an indication of a tumor or mass that could be cancerous, your doctor might require a biopsy. A biopsy is the process of removing a sample of the tumor or mass, either surgically or by inserting a needle into the area. The specimen is then examined under a microscope to determine if mesothelioma is present. In some instances our specialists employ ultrasound to identify lymph nodes that have enlarged, which could be mesothelioma. This procedure is known as endobronchial ultrasound-guided needle aspiration or EBNA. This procedure is performed as an outpatient procedure, meaning you are able to return home the same day. A mesothelioma expert will also be able to determine the mesothelioma's stage. The stages are determined by how far the cancer has spread and which mesothelioma type it is. A mesothelioma expert can provide you with a precise diagnosis to ensure you receive the appropriate treatment. Treatment The treatment plan for mesothelioma patients is determined by the extent of the disease and their general health. Mesothelioma patients typically receive multimodal therapy which is a combination of chemotherapy, surgery and radiation. The first step in treating mesothelioma involves a physical exam and telling your doctor about any asbestos exposure you might have been exposed to in the past. Doctors also conduct imaging scans and blood tests to determine if mesothelioma is present and rule out any other ailments. These include CT (computerized Tomography) scans, MRI (magnetic-resonance imaging) scans, FDG-PET scans (fluorodeoxyglucose positron emissions tomography) and mediastinoscopy. Surgery is an option for the majority of pleural mysothelioma cases. A patient can undergo a minimally invasive procedure, such as video-assisted needle biopsy or CT-guided surgical thoracoscopic. Both surgeries can enhance the lifespan of patients and alleviate symptoms. Chemotherapy makes use of drugs to kill cancer cells and stop them from advancing. It is a common mesothelioma treatment and can prolong the survival of patients. It can be administered through intravenous (IV) drip or pill form. Radiation is a mesothelioma therapy that shrinks tumors and kill cancerous cells. It is used to treat pleural tumors at various stages, and also to reduce pain and prolong the life span of patients. In the final stages of mesothelioma therapy, doctors focus on controlling symptoms to prolong a patient's lifespan as much as they can. This kind of treatment is called palliative treatment. Despite the low rate of survival of mesothelioma, there's still many survivors. For example, paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould, who was diagnosed with mesothelioma of the peritoneal region in 1982, lived another 20 years until he passed away from complications of another illness. Symptoms A lot of people with mesothelioma suffer symptoms for months or years before they are diagnosed. Early symptoms can be mistaken for other illnesses or overlooked. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is essential to consult your doctor right away. Organs in your body are encased in a layer of tissue called mesothelium. This layer keeps them from rubbing against one and rubbing against each other. Mesothelioma can be described as a cancer that affects mesothelium, which is the cells that line your organs. The majority of cases of mesothelioma occur in the lining around the lungs, but it may also be found in the lining of your heart (pericardium) or abdomen (peritoneum) and within the lining surrounding your testicles (tunica vaginalis). The first symptoms of mesothelioma include breathlessness or chest pain, as well as fatigue. Mesothelioma can also trigger fluid buildup in the lungs or chest wall which can cause an effusion of the pleural cavity. A pleural effusion could put pressure on the lungs, causing difficulty breathing and a cough. columbia mesothelioma lawsuit diagnose mesothelioma after taking the medical history of the patient and doing an exam. They may request chest X-rays that can reveal abnormalities, such as thickening of lung lining, or the accumulation of fluid in the chest wall. They may also request an MRI, CT scan or PET scan to take an examination of your lung or other tissues within your body. They can also make use of ultrasound-guided needles to drain fluid from the pleura and peritoneum. A biopsy can assist in determining the type of mesothelioma cell that is forming the tumor and how it is growing. This will allow doctors to decide on the best treatment options. The three most common mesothelioma treatments are radiation, surgery and chemotherapy. The following is a list of preventatives. Mesothelioma is not curable but you can decrease the risk by abstaining from asbestos and staying away from those with it. Exposure to asbestos can lead to lung cancer as well as other ailments that can affect the lining of certain organs. Many types of mesothelioma exist, and some are more dangerous than others. Certain types are simpler to treat than others. Asbestos is a group of minerals that have microscopic fibers. It was used in industrial and construction equipment by companies who were not aware of the dangers it posed. Blue-collar workers and veterans were particularly exposed to asbestos. Asbestos is now recognized to be dangerous, and you should not reside in a residence or work in an old plant which has asbestos. If you have a history of exposure to asbestos, speak with your doctor about undergoing regular screening. X-rays as well as CT or MRI scans can identify problems with your lungs or abdomen. A biopsy may also help identify cancer in the chest or stomach. Doctors can examine tissue samples from this area to determine whether you suffer from mesothelioma. It is possible that you have pleural msothelioma which affects your lungs' liner. Other kinds include pericardial, testicular or the peritoneal. It can take a long time for mesothelioma cancer to develop following exposure to asbestos. Even then, it can be hard to diagnose. It is often misdiagnosed as another illness or condition like lung cancer, pneumonia, or bronchitis. This could prevent you from receiving the correct treatment. Researchers are working to improve diagnosis and design tests that detect mesothelioma earlier. This could lead to better treatment and a higher survival rate. The study includes genetic testing to determine those who are most likely to develop mesothelioma.